p.216 #1-5

1)Who is my audience? What are my audience member's needs? What do i want them to do? How might they resist? Are there alternative positions I need to examine? What does the decision maker consider the most important issue? How might the organizations culture influence my strategy?

2) Demographics and psychographics allow you to take into account your audience's cultural expectations and practices so that you dont undermine your persuasive message by using an inappropriate appeal.

3)Emotional appeals rely on using peoples feelings while logical appeals use reasoning.

4) Analogies, Induction, Deduction.

5)Attention, Interest, Desire, Action. Its limited by talking at audiences instead of with them and it is built around a single event rather than a long term relationship.

p.188 #1-5

1)Convey bad news, gain acceptance for it, maintain as much goodwill as possible with audience, maintain good image for organization, reduce or eliminate need for future communication on matter.

2)Will bad news come as a shock?
Does reader prefer short messages that get right to the point?
How important is news to the reader?
Do you need to maintain a close working relationship with reader?
Do you need to get the readers attention?
What is your organization's preferred style?

3)Buffer>Reasons>Bad news> positive close

4)Buffer is a neutral noncontroversial statement that is closely related to the point of the message. Some critics believe buffers are unethical, but only unethical if it is insincere or deceptive.

5) Your reasons need to convince the audience that your decision was fair, justified, and logical.